Ratchet-wrench



(No Model.)

M.`D. SCHALLER.. RATGHBT WRENCH.

No. 508,848; Patented Ndv. 14, 1898.

888mm www@ sowze a citizen of the United States, residing at V'UNITED STATES 'PATENT OFFICE.

MICHAEL D. SCHALLR, 0F LOVELL, NEV `YORK.

RATCHEKT-WRENCH."

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,845, dated November 14, 18793.

Application led August 4. 1893. Serial No. 482,372. No model.)

To al? whom it'moiy concertar l Be 1t known that I, MICHAEL D. SCHALLER,

Lowell, in the county of Oneida and State oi' New York, have invented a newand useful Ratchet-Wrench, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in ratchet wrenches, and it has for its object to provide a construction whereby bits of different kinds and for dierent purposes may be attached, and whereby other adjustments `may be made toY enable the tool to be used in dierent capacities.

Further objects and advantages of this invention will appear in the following description, and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out /in the appended claims.

.In the drawings: Figure l isa perspective vlew of a wrench embodying my invention adjusted for the manipulation of nuts. Fig,

2 is a central longitudinal 'sectional'vievn Fig. 3 is a' plan Aview partly broken away. Fig. 4 isa detail side view of the 'hand-rest and clutch. Y

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding drawings. y

1 designates the stock, comprising twin parallel plates 2, which are spaced apart to form a cavity 3, and are connected securely at their outer ends to a tang 4, upon which is secured the handle 5. Said twin platesare provided at the opposite end from the handle with registering bearings 6, in which is mounted the hollow shaft 7, one end of which forms a chuck 8, .to receive the stem 9 of a bit holder 10. In the upper portion of the hollow shaft 7 isrfitted a spindle 11, held in place by means ofa set-screw 12, and headed at its upper end, as'show'n at 13. Upon this spindle is'rotatably mounted the hand-rest 14, provided at its lower end with a ferrule 15, having a peripheral notch 16, the lower end of said handLrest bearing upon the upper end of the hollow shaft. Slidablymounted upon the portion of the hollow shaft which projects above the upper plate of the stock is a clutch 147, provided with a toothor detent` 18, adapted to engage `[the notch 16, of the hand-rest, and interposed between the upper parts in'all the figures of thel by repressing the clutch against the tension of its actuating spring and turning the same upon the hollow shaft. In this way the clutch is locked out of operative position and the hand-rest is free to rotate upon the spindle. The hollow shaft is provided, between the planes of the upper and lower twin plates, withl a ratchet 22, consisting of a solid: disk provided with spaced V-shaped notches, 23,

andpivotally connected to the stock, adja. cent to the said ratchet and'upon opposite sidesof the former, are the-pawls 24, providedV with cam-faced inner or pivoted yends and having V-shaped terminal-noses 25,'to/ engage the V-shaped notches of the'ratchet; small finger-holes 26 being arranged at the free ends of the pawls to lieupon the surface Vof the ratchet when theVs'haped noses are in engagement therewith and designed to facilitate the manipulation of the pawl when it is desired to throw them Aback to their inopeative positions. Coiled .upon atransverse pin 27, near the outer end oflthestockand between the twin plates, is a spring -28'hav' ing the free terminal arms 29, which engage respectively the cam-faced pivotalends of the pawls to hold the latter either in their operative orinoperative positions. It will be seen that as the pawls are of a width to. it between the twin plates of the stock they may bey turned back and received between said plates when not in use, thus avoiding the' necessity of a clutch or other mechanism for kmaintaining one of the pawls in its inoperative position while the other is in use.

In order to avoid the use of two lratche'ts, in which the teeth are pitched or inclined in opposite directions, I employ a single ratchet provided with peripheral V-shaped notches the sides of whichare beveled equally,- and pawls having wedge-shaped noses which a're IOC either direction according to the pawl which is in engagement therewith. The ratchet cannot turn toward the pawl which engages with its notches for the reason that said pawl terminates short of a transverse line extending through the axis of the ratchet, and the-pressure of the side of the notch in the ratchet against the outer surface of the nose of the pawl is directly toward the pivot of said pawl, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings.

The bit holder which I have shown in connection with the improved wrench compris-es a fixed jaw 30 land a movable jaw 31, which is pivotal-1y connected to the lixed jaw, both being provided kwith V- shaped notches to engage the angles of Aa nut or bolthead.

Mounted in a threaded perforation 32 in the fixed jaw is a spacing `thumb-screw 33, which is adapted toimpinge at its extremity against the inner surface of the Vpivoted jaw, and -rotatably mounted in the pivoted jaw and engaging ra threaded perforation 34, in the ixed jaw, `is `a locking thumb-screw 35, having a' 'collar 36 to bear against `the outer surface of the pivoted jaw. -By this construction the locking :thumb-screw may be loosened, pro- 1 vided it is desired to open the jaws, and thespacingthumb-sc-rew maybe turned to spread f the jaws tothe desired extent, after which the vlocking ythumb-screw may be tightened to cause thepivoted jawto bear flrmlyagainst the `extremity Aof the spacing screw. The stem of Ithe bit holder is locked in the chuck.

by means of the rset-screw 37.

It will fbe understood that auger, screwdriving, and other bits provided with ya part correspond-ing with the stern 9 `may be fitted in 'thefchuck'in'place ofy the bit'holder (adapted 'for Jusefas .a wrench) which I have illustrated inthe drawings, thus `giving to the tool =a wide range of utility; furthermore, that allof the parts of 'the tool are detachable to ienable them to be repaired Vor replaced when necessary, and .that the operating parts lare :exposed "to view Vand therefore readily accessible for fmanipulationg'and furthermore, .that the .hand-,rest is adapted to be locked Asecurely to the vhollow shaft 4to turn therewith, yand of being released to rotate freely upon its spindle, such spindle being detachable wi'fth the hand-rest when required to .reach an otherwise-inaccessible object.

Various-'changes in the form, proportion,

andthe rminor idetails of construction may bev 1. The combin-ation with a stock having twin parallel A:plates of a shaft rotatably mounted in bearings in the said plates a ratchet, fixed to the shaft between said plates and having V-shaped peripheral notches, the sides of which are equally beveled, bit-securing devices carried by the shaft, and springpressed pawls pivotally connected to the stock between the parallel plates and arranged when not in use to fold between the plates, said pawls having wedge-shaped noses of'equal bevel uponboth sides, and being arranged to engage the ratchet short of a transverse line embracing-'the axis of the ratchet, or between the said transverse line and the pivotal points of the .paw-ls,` whereby asingle ratchet is controlled byeither pawl to :permit rotation in .opposite directions, substantially asspecified.

A2. The combination-with a stockya shaft rotatably mounted upon the stock 'and provided with a chuck, and means for-communicating ymotion from the :stock to the shaft, of a bit holder having astem to fit 4in said chuck and comprising a fixed jaw and a movable jaw, vpivoted at one `end to the fixed jjaw a spacing thumb-screw threaded in the yfixed jaw to impinge against the innen-surface `of lthe movable jaw, and a locking thumb-screw lloosely mounted in `the movable jaw and threaded in the fixed jaw, between the spacing thumb-screw and the Vfree ends of thejaws vsubstantially .as specified.

3. The'combination with a stock, a bit-carrying shaft rotatably mounted upon said stock, and mea-ns for-communicating motion from the-stock to the 'shatt,of.a hand-rest frotatably mounted upon the shaft,and a clutch Iadapted toengage the hand-rest to lock the .same .against rotation, substantially-as specified.

4. The combinationw-ith a stockya bit-supporting shaft rotatably mounted ,1u-pon the stock, and means f or communicating .motion from the-stock to theshaft, of a hand-rest rotatably mounted upon aspindle-carried by the lshaft and inaxial alignment therewith, and a clutch loosely mounted upon `theshaft contiguous to the lower end of the hand-rest and lprovided with a tooth ordetent to yengage a notch in the yhand-.rest ,and a slotor cutaway portion to engagea projection upon-the shaft to hold said tooth-or detent .out of L-engagement Vwith the notch in the hand-rest, said clutch being provided with 'an .actua-tifn g spring, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoingas my own Ihave hereto affixed lmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.

MIOHAEL'D. SCHALLER.

Witnesses:

R. D. BOYD, WILLIAM A. BOYD.

lfilo 

